Eczema

Eczema is a general term for a skin condition also known as "dermatitis". There are several types of eczema which share some common symptoms including the most common symptom of intense itching. The most common type of eczema is atopic eczema which is the most chromic of eczema types which also include contact dermatitis, dyshidrotic eczema, nummular eczema, and seborrheic dermatitis. Fortunately, the symptoms can usually be controlled with the right medications and lifestyle practices.

Who Gets Eczema and Why?

Eczema is one of the most common skin conditions in infants and young children with about twelve percent of all kids being affected. Although symptoms can begin to fade as children age, most people are affected for life to varying degrees. It is estimated that about 30,000 people have some type of eczema. No one knows exactly what causes eczema, although experts believe it comes from an imbalance in the function of immune cells – possibly combined with a defect in the barrier function of the outer skin layer – which makes it more susceptible to skin irritants.

The Symptoms of Eczema.

One of the most frustrating aspects of having eczema is the intense itching it causes. The itching comes in cycles, and it can be difficult to control the urge to scratch. Scratching leads to more itching and a vicious “itch-scratch” cycle occurs. As a result, skin becomes thickened and crusty with areas of scaling. Any part of the body can be affected, but the symptoms are most disturbing when they involve the face and neck.

How is Eczema Treated?

There’s no known cure for eczema, but it can go into remission for long periods of time. The symptoms can usually be successfully treated with lifestyle modifications, good skin care, and medications. The first goal is to address the itching since the skin changes won’t improve until the itching is brought under control.

Doctors usually prescribe a steroid based cream or ointment to treat itching associated with eczema. No one wants to use steroid creams longer than they have to – but it may be necessary if the itching can’t be stopped. Because steroid creams have side effects, it’s important to use the lowest strength possible and discontinue it as soon as the itching stops. Lower strength steroid creams can be found over-the-counter at most pharmacies – but a prescription strength one may be needed in severe cases. Antihistamines can be used at night if itching makes sleep difficult.

Steroid creams may help to reduce the inflammation and itching, but moisture is just as important. Moisture promotes healing by rebuilding the natural moisture barrier that protects the skin. To moisturize eczematous skin, most dermatologists recommend an emollient moisturizer twice a day. A layer should be applied after showering or bathing and any time the skin is exposed to water.

The Importance of Identifying Triggers.

A variety of factors can “trigger” the itching and other skin symptoms experienced by eczema sufferers. These vary from person to person and include stress, exposure to temperature extremes, certain foods, cosmetics, perfumes, certain types of clothing fabric, and viruses – among others. The best way to find out what worsens the symptoms is to keep a diary and avoid any factors that make them worse.

Some cosmetics contain ingredients that can aggravate the symptoms of eczema. Use products that are hypo-allergenic and made with mostly naturally ingredients. Avoid products that contain preservatives or alcohol. Use an unscented, non-soap based cleaner and keep detergents and harsh chemicals away from the skin.

Other Treatments for Eczema.

Another treatment for eczema that’s beneficial for some is the use of light therapy. Light therapy for eczema is carried out in a dermatologist’s office, often combined with treatments that increase the skin’s sensitivity to the light. In severe cases, a dermatologist may prescribe oral medications that suppress the immune system to try to block the inflammation. This should be a last resort since these medications have significant side effects.

Eczema is a frustrating skin condition, but identifying triggers that make the symptoms worse, moisturizing, and practicing good skin care can help the symptoms and improve the appearance of eczema ravaged skin.

More Detailed Information.

The National Eczema Foundation website contains a wealth of information on the types and treatments of eczema conditions. If you suspect you or your child may have eczema, contact your dermatologist for diagnosis and prescribed treatment.